
by
Damien F. Mackey
From this I conclude that the 7-year biblical Famine,
at the time of Jacob and Joseph,
occurred during Egypt’s First Dynasty, into which must be collapsed
the Third and the Eleventh dynasties.
Simple Outline
Basing the seven-year biblical Famine near to the beginning, in Egypt’s First Dynasty:
№ Pharaoh Also known as
1 Narmer
Menes
2 Aha
Hor-Aha
3 Djer
Hor-Djer
4 Djet
Wadj, Zet, Uadji
5 Den
Dewen, Udimu
6 Adjib
Anedjib, Enezib
7 Semerkhet
–
8 Qaa
Kaa
but focussing here upon only:
Djer
Djet
Den
then the neat pattern that emerges is this:
Djer
An abbreviated version (hypocoristicon) of the known 7-year Famine Pharaoh Horus Netjerikhet of Egypt’s Third Dynasty.
Djer = Ne-tjer-ikhet.
Djet
Reputedly, “a great famine” Pharaoh (Manetho).
Djet is an abbreviated version (hypocoristicon) of Horus Netjerihedjet (Mentuhotep II) of Egypt’s Eleventh Dynasty, likewise a Famine era.
Djet = Netjerihe-djet.
Den
He, a quasi-Pharaoh, is clearly the biblical Joseph. Simply consider his various names:
Usaphais. Usaph- is Joseph.
Khasti: “the foreigner”.
Den (Udimu): “He who brings water”.
This could not be more Joseph like: Usaph (Joseph), the foreigner, who brings water (to a parched Egypt), e.g. the Bahr Yusef canal.
From this I conclude that the 7-year biblical Famine, at the time of Jacob and Joseph, occurred during Egypt’s First Dynasty, into which must be collapsed the Third and the Eleventh dynasties.
The Bible thus serves to cause a most radical streamlining of early Egyptian dynastic history, spreading from Djer (c. 3000 BC, conventional dating) to Mentuhotep II (c. 2000 BC, conventional dating) – an unwanted gap of a millennium.
For more on the First Dynasty Famine, see e.g. my article:
Taking a Djet to Djoser’s Famine
(2) Taking a Djet to Djoser's Famine
For the reign of Mentuhotep II as the Famine era, see Patrick Clarke’s article:
Joseph’s Zaphenath Paaneah—a chronological key
Joseph’s Zaphenath Paaneah—a chronological key · Creation.com
In support of this, perhaps, see my article:
Was this the original ‘Famine Stela’?
(3) Was this the original 'Famine Stela'?
The Famine Pharaoh was simply Horus Netjerikhet (who later included Netjerihedjet), the powerful Mentuhotep II.
But was he also Djoser (Zoser)?
Further clarifications
Clearly, now, Joseph (Den) was the legendary Imhotep who served Horus Netjerikhet during a 7-year Famine. But Imhotep has been somewhat elusive to pin down as a real flesh and blood historical character:
Enigmatic Imhotep - did he really exist?
(3) Enigmatic Imhotep - did he really exist?
In this article I enlarged the great Joseph even further by identifying him also with (Hotep) Khasekhemwy, variously located to the Second and Third dynasties.
The Nebti name of Khasekhemwy was hotep im(-ef), that is, IMHOTEP.
As for Djoser, he was not Horus Netjerikhet, as is commonly thought, but was Joseph once again, in a variant version of the name Khasekhemwy, as Sekhemkhet, whose alternate name was Djoser-ti.
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